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Related Concept Videos

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata02:04

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
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The Water Cycle01:00

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Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
09:55

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

Evapotranspiration (ET) covers.

Steve Rock1, Bill Myers, Linda Fiedler

  • 1USEPA Office of Research and Development, 5995 Center Hill Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA. Rock.Steven@epamail.epa.gov

International Journal of Phytoremediation
|May 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evapotranspiration (ET) cover systems use soil to manage precipitation, reducing percolation into waste. These systems offer cost-effective, aesthetic, and low-maintenance alternatives to conventional landfill covers.

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Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method (EFM)
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Published on: December 31, 2012

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Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
09:55

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Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method (EFM)
12:11

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method (EFM)

Published on: December 31, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Evapotranspiration (ET) cover systems are increasingly adopted for various waste containment sites.
  • Unlike conventional covers that use low-permeability barriers, ET covers utilize soil-based water balance principles to minimize water percolation.
  • They offer potential advantages in cost, aesthetics, and maintenance compared to traditional methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Evapotranspiration (ET) cover systems as an alternative to conventional waste containment covers.
  • To highlight the principles, benefits, and regulatory approaches for ET cover systems.
  • To provide an overview of research and project examples related to ET covers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research and programs, including the U.S. EPA Alternative Cover Assessment Program (ACAP).
  • Analysis of different regulatory approval pathways for non-conventional cover systems.
  • Compilation of information on design considerations, performance, monitoring, and cost.

Main Results:

  • ET cover systems rely on vegetation and soil to capture and release precipitation, thereby reducing percolation.
  • These systems can be more cost-effective, aesthetically pleasing, and require less maintenance than conventional barrier systems.
  • Three primary approaches exist for regulatory approval: direct performance demonstration, site-specific studies, and performance-contingent installations.

Conclusions:

  • ET cover systems present a viable alternative for waste containment, particularly where complete precipitation exclusion is not essential.
  • Successful implementation involves understanding water balance, regulatory pathways, and site-specific conditions.
  • Further research and project-specific data support the efficacy and application of ET cover systems.