The proteomic future: where mass spectrometry should be taking us.

Area of Science:

• Proteomics
• Mass Spectrometry (MS)
• Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs)

Background:

• Proteomics has rapidly evolved in the last 20 years, driven by advancements in separation techniques and mass spectrometry.
• Mass spectrometry (MS) has been pivotal, enabling whole-proteome identification, quantification, and PTM mapping.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify areas requiring further attention in proteomics workflows and instrumentation.
• To bridge the gap between current proteomics capabilities and envisioned goals for proteomes and PTMs.
• To explore future directions in understanding protein structures, interactions, and localizations.

Main Methods:

• Review of advancements in protein and peptide separation techniques (e.g., 2D gel electrophoresis, gel-free methods).
• Focus on seminal advances in mass spectrometry (MS) sensitivity, mass accuracy, and fragmentation.
• Exploration of selected methods and research areas for future proteomic advances.

Main Results:

• Current proteomics capabilities include whole-proteome identification, quantification, and extensive PTM mapping.
• Despite significant progress, proteomics has not yet achieved all its envisioned goals.
• Key areas for improvement lie in workflow optimization and instrumentation development.

Conclusions:

• Continued advancements in proteomics workflows and instrumentation are crucial for realizing the field's full potential.
• Future research should focus on enhancing the understanding of protein structures, interactions, and localizations.
• The next wave of proteomic advances will likely stem from addressing current limitations in capability and achievement.