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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum numbers:  n, l, ml, and...
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Colors and Magnetism

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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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Updated: May 22, 2026

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
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The magnetic structure of EuPdSn.

P Lemoine1, J M Cadogan, D H Ryan

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|May 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neutron powder diffraction confirmed the antiferromagnetic ordering and divalent europium state in EuPdSn. The material exhibits an incommensurate magnetic structure that transforms into a planar helimagnetic structure at low temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Europium-based intermetallic compounds are of interest due to their complex magnetic properties.
  • Understanding the magnetic structure and phase transitions is crucial for exploring novel magnetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the TiNiSi-type structure, antiferromagnetic ordering, and europium valence state in EuPdSn.
  • To investigate the temperature-dependent magnetic structure of EuPdSn.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron powder diffraction was employed to probe the magnetic structure.
  • Analysis of magnetic diffraction peaks and refinement of magnetic models were performed.

Main Results:

  • The divalent state of europium and antiferromagnetic ordering in EuPdSn were confirmed.
  • The Néel temperature was determined to be 16.2(3) K.
  • An incommensurate magnetic structure was observed at 13.2 K and 3.6 K, evolving from a sinusoidally modulated structure to a planar helimagnetic structure.

Conclusions:

  • EuPdSn exhibits a complex incommensurate antiferromagnetic structure.
  • The magnetic structure undergoes a transformation to a planar helimagnetic state at lower temperatures.
  • These findings contribute to the understanding of magnetic phase transitions in rare-earth intermetallics.