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Related Concept Videos

Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Lateral Molar Approach-Driven Transoral Endoscopic Procedure for Benign Infratemporal Fossa Tumor Resection
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Published on: August 15, 2025

The frontotemporal-orbitozygomatic approach: reconstructive technique and outcome.

A Samy Youssef1, Laura Willard, Angela Downes

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. ayoussef@health.usf.edu

Acta Neurochirurgica
|May 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The frontotemporal-orbitozygomatic (FTOZ) approach is a vital skull base surgery technique. Reconstruction after FTOZ surgery is crucial for preserving function and cosmesis, with most patients satisfied with cosmetic outcomes.

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Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Skull Base Surgery

Background:

  • The frontotemporal-orbitozygomatic (FTOZ) approach is a widely used skull base surgery technique.
  • Existing research primarily focuses on FTOZ surgical techniques and exposure, with limited data on reconstruction and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe reconstructive techniques following the FTOZ approach.
  • To analyze functional and cosmetic outcomes after FTOZ surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 75 patients undergoing FTOZ craniotomy.
  • Standardized one-piece FTOZ surgical and reconstructive techniques were used.
  • Functional outcomes assessed via complications (pain, ocular issues, nerve injury, CSF leaks, pseudomeningocele), and cosmetic outcomes via patient/family satisfaction questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • 59 out of 75 patients experienced no complications.
  • Low incidence of ocular movement restriction (2.4%), cranial nerve injury (8.5%), CSF leak repair (1.2%), delayed pseudomeningocele (2.4%), and intraparenchymal hemorrhage (1.2%).
  • Of 28 respondents (34% response rate), 78.5% were satisfied with cosmetic results.

Conclusions:

  • Reconstruction is as critical as the surgical technique in FTOZ procedures.
  • Meticulous attention to anatomical detail and stepwise reconstruction are essential for optimal functional and cosmetic preservation.
  • The orbitozygomatic osteotomy in the FTOZ approach did not elevate surgical complications or negatively impact cosmetic results.