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Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Parental Care

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Attachment01:20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Non-Nutritive Suck Parameters Measurements Using a Custom Pressure Transducer System
06:19

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Published on: April 19, 2024

PURLs. Should breastfeeding babies be given pacifiers?

Laura Wellington1, Shailendra Prasad

  • 1University of Minnesota North Memorial Family Medicine Residency Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

The Journal of Family Practice
|May 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pacifier use does not interfere with breastfeeding. This finding reassures breastfeeding mothers that introducing pacifiers is safe for their babies and will not disrupt nursing.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Lactation Science

Background:

  • Concerns exist regarding pacifier use and its potential impact on breastfeeding establishment and maintenance.
  • Mothers often seek guidance on introducing non-nutritive sucking devices during the early stages of lactation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether pacifier use affects breastfeeding outcomes in infants.
  • To provide evidence-based information to healthcare providers and mothers regarding pacifier introduction during lactation.

Main Methods:

  • A review of existing literature on pacifier use and breastfeeding was conducted.
  • Studies examining the correlation between pacifier introduction and breastfeeding duration or exclusivity were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Current evidence suggests that pacifier use does not negatively impact breastfeeding initiation or continuation.

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Assessment of the Efficacy of An Osteopathic Treatment in Infants with Biomechanical Impairments to Suckling
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  • No significant interference was found between pacifier use and successful breastfeeding in the majority of studies.

    • Conclusions:

    • Pacifier use is unlikely to interfere with breastfeeding for most mothers and infants.
    • Healthcare providers can confidently advise breastfeeding mothers that pacifier use is compatible with successful lactation.