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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

Epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidity: a nationally representative population-based study.

Dheeraj Rai1, Michael P Kerr, Sally McManus

  • 1Academic Unit of Psychiatry, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. dheeraj.rai@bristol.ac.uk

Epilepsia
|May 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

People with epilepsy have significantly higher rates of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions, including anxiety, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. These comorbidities are specific to epilepsy and not explained by other chronic health issues or socioeconomic factors.

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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic condition affecting over 1% of the adult population in England.
  • Understanding comorbidities associated with epilepsy is crucial for comprehensive patient care.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the extent of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental comorbidities in epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental comorbidities in individuals with epilepsy in England.
  • To determine if these comorbidities are overrepresented compared to the general population or other chronic conditions.
  • To investigate potential confounding factors, such as demographic, socioeconomic, and other health conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A nationally representative population-based study in England (Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007) involving 7,403 adults.
  • Epilepsy and other chronic conditions (asthma, diabetes, migraine) were self-reported.
  • Psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions were assessed using detailed diagnostic and screening interviews.

Main Results:

  • 1.2% of adults in England have epilepsy.
  • Nearly one-third of individuals with epilepsy had an anxiety or depressive disorder, significantly higher than those without epilepsy.
  • Strong associations were found between epilepsy and social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, suicidality, autism spectrum disorders, and eating disorders.
  • These associations remained significant after adjusting for confounders and were stronger than those observed in individuals with asthma or diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions are significantly overrepresented in people with epilepsy.
  • The observed comorbidities are largely specific to epilepsy and not explained by confounding factors or shared pathways with other chronic conditions like asthma or diabetes.
  • While some overlap in psychopathology exists with conditions like migraine, the strong link with autism spectrum disorders suggests unique neurodevelopmental comorbidities associated with epilepsy.