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Aging effects on functional auditory and visual processing using fMRI with variable sensory loading.

Michael Cliff1, Dan W Joyce, Melissa Lamar

  • 1Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK. michael.cliff@nhs.net

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|May 15, 2012
PubMed
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Older adults exhibit functional decline in early visual and auditory processing compared to younger adults. Brain activity in sensory cortices does not increase with higher stimulus demand in older individuals, potentially impacting cognitive function.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Age-related structural brain changes traditionally studied in higher cognitive functions.
  • Understanding age-related sensory processing decline is crucial for cognitive function.
  • Non-invasive neuroimaging can reveal functional and regional brain alterations with aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related functional decline in passive visual and auditory processing.
  • To examine regional alterations in functional brain processing using neuroimaging.
  • To compare sensory processing between younger and older adults under varying stimulus loads.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) used to image younger (mean age 31) and older (mean age 68) adults.

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  • Participants passively viewed visual stimuli (checkerboard) and heard auditory stimuli (word lists) at varying presentation rates.
  • Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal changes were analyzed in relation to stimulus presentation rate and age.

    • Main Results:

    • Younger adults showed higher overall temporal and occipital cortical activation for both auditory and visual stimuli.
    • Older adults exhibited decreased visual cortical activation with increasing stimulus frequency, unlike younger adults' linear increase.
    • Older participants showed stable auditory cortical activation across rates, while younger adults showed a relative increase; auditory activation decreased with age.

    Conclusions:

    • Preliminary findings indicate age-related decline in demand-related, passive early sensory processing.
    • Visual and auditory cortices in older adults do not increase activity with higher stimulus demand compared to younger adults.
    • This sensory processing decline may impair information fidelity for higher cognitive functions, informing future cognitive aging research.