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Updated: May 22, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
Published on: February 16, 2011
Nurse-midwifery: art and science
Debora M Dole1, Cynthia F Nypaver
1University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, Academic Health Center, PO Box 210038, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0038, USA. Debora.dole@gmail.com
The gap in the health of the nations' people seems to be widening and reflects existing social inequalities affecting the ongoing health of individuals. From a historical and practical perspective, certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) are one group of advanced practice registered nurses uniquely situated to address existing disparities related to maternal-child health. This article provides an overview of the historical development, current status, and use of CNMs in the United States health care system; the impact of CNMs on maternal-child health outcomes; and future trends in the education of CNMs.
The gap in the health of the nations' people seems to be widening and reflects existing social inequalities affecting the ongoing health of individuals. From a historical and practical perspective, certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) are one group of advanced practice registered nurses uniquely situated to address existing disparities related to maternal-child health. This article provides an overview of the historical development, current status, and use of CNMs in the United States health care system; the impact of CNMs on maternal-child health outcomes; and future trends in the education of CNMs.
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