Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences physiological...

Causes of Social Behavior I: Actions and Characteristics of Individuals

Causes of Social Behavior I: Actions and Characteristics of Individuals

The actions and characteristics of others heavily influence the causes of social behaviors. Emotional expressions serve as powerful social signals, shaping behaviors and interactions in significant ways. Whether through direct observation or subconscious processing, individuals constantly adjust their responses based on the emotions and attributes of those around them.Emotional Cues and Social ResponsesFacial expressions, tone of voice, and body language provide crucial emotional cues that...

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...

Cognition and Behavior

Cognition and Behavior

Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...

Empathy

Empathy

Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Default mode network resting-state functional connectivity and event centrality in adult acute trauma survivors.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Integrating evidence-based health approaches in U.S. healthcare settings: addressing the syndemics of poverty, health, and violence.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026

Same author

Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala and Hippocampus in PTSD: Results From the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Working Group.

The American journal of psychiatry·2026

Same author

Positive face BOLD response and task-dependent ventral striatal functional connectivity during Go/No-go task among abstinent cannabis-using adolescents and young adults.

Frontiers in adolescent medicine·2026

Same author

Mental Health Disparities Following Violent Injury: A Prospective Comparison of Survivors of Violent and Nonviolent Mechanisms of Injury.

Panamerican journal of trauma, critical care & emergency surgery·2026

Same author

PTSD symptoms and substance use problems in traumatic injury patients: A 24-month follow-up.

Addictive behaviors·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

Characterizing the anomalous cognition-emotion interactions in externalizing.

Arielle R Baskin-Sommers¹, John J Curtin, Christine L Larson

¹University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson, Madison, WI 53706, USA. baskinsommer@wisc.edu

Biological Psychology

|May 15, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with externalizing traits show exaggerated reactions due to over-attending to threat. This over-prioritization of attention impairs executive functions and emotional regulation, impacting behavior.

More Related Videos

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology
Behavioral Science

Background:

Externalizing traits involve heightened emotional and behavioral responses to stimuli.
Existing explanations focus on attention, executive function, and affect, but their interactions are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interplay between attention, executive functioning, and emotion in externalizing traits.
To identify cognitive mechanisms underlying exaggerated reactivity in externalizing behaviors.

Main Methods:

Experiment 1: Measured fear potentiated startle (FPS) in an instructed fear paradigm.
Experiment 2: Measured neural activation in a similar paradigm.
Manipulated attentional focus, executive function demands, and emotion.

Main Results:

Exaggerated emotional reactivity in externalizing traits was observed specifically when attention was directed to threat with low executive function demands.
Results indicate a link between attentional focus on threat and impaired executive and affective regulation.

Conclusions:

Over-prioritization of attention to motivationally significant information is a key cognition-emotion interaction in externalizing traits.
This attentional bias may disrupt executive functions and emotional regulation, contributing to externalizing behaviors.