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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials

Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
Fatigue01:21

Fatigue

Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Assessment of Bone Fracture Healing Using Micro-Computed Tomography
12:04

Assessment of Bone Fracture Healing Using Micro-Computed Tomography

Published on: December 9, 2022

Fracture risk assessment.

Eugene McCloskey1, Helena Johansson, Anders Oden

  • 1WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. e.v.mccloskey@shef.ac.uk

Clinical Biochemistry
|May 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fracture risk assessment is improved by considering clinical factors beyond bone mineral density (BMD). The FRAX tool estimates 10-year fracture probability using accessible risk factors, enhancing patient evaluation.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

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Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents
06:59

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents

Published on: August 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Osteoporosis research
  • Clinical epidemiology
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Traditional fracture risk assessment relied heavily on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the importance of incorporating additional risk variables for improved fracture risk categorization.
  • Several predictive models exist, with the FRAX models being the most widely adopted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the FRAX tool in predicting fracture probability.
  • To demonstrate how integrating clinical risk factors enhances fracture risk assessment.
  • To present FRAX as a foundational platform for future risk indicator integration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing easily obtainable clinical risk factors to estimate 10-year fracture probability.
  • Incorporating femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) as an optional input.
  • Developing and validating the FRAX models using global population-based cohort data.

Main Results:

  • The FRAX models provide an enhanced method for fracture risk prediction.
  • Validation across diverse global populations (North America, Europe, Asia, Australia) confirms model utility.
  • The tool effectively integrates clinical risk factors, with or without BMD, for improved patient assessment.

Conclusions:

  • The FRAX tool serves as a valuable aid in patient assessment for fracture risk.
  • It represents a platform technology adaptable to new validated risk indicators.
  • Combining clinical risk factors alone or with BMD significantly enhances fracture risk categorization.