Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the parenchyma cells of...
Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of disassembly and...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics01:28

Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer widely utilized in the packaging industry, particularly for bottles and containers. Due to its chemical stability and durability, PET accumulates in the environment, contributing significantly to plastic pollution. It comprises repeating units of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, resulting in a semi-crystalline structure that is resistant to natural degradation processes.A notable breakthrough in plastic biodegradation came with the...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

On the Non-Catalytic Role of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases in Boosting the Action of PETases on PET Polymers.

ChemSusChem·2024
Same author

Microbial xylanolytic carbohydrate esterases.

Essays in biochemistry·2022
Same author

Cellulose- and xylan-degrading yeasts: Enzymes, applications and biotechnological potential.

Biotechnology advances·2022
Same author

Characterization of Acetylxylan Esterase from White-Rot Fungus <i>Irpex lacteus</i>.

Journal of applied glycoscience·2021
Same author

Catalytic Diversity of GH30 Xylanases.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
Same author

Non-Specific GH30_7 Endo-β-1,4-xylanase from <i>Talaromyces leycettanus</i>.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits
06:51

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

Published on: September 20, 2016

Microbial carbohydrate esterases deacetylating plant polysaccharides.

Peter Biely1

  • 1Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia. chempbsa@savba.sk

Biotechnology Advances
|May 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Microbial carbohydrate esterases deacetylate plant hemicelluloses, aiding polysaccharide breakdown. These enzymes, grouped into CE families 1-7 and 16, offer potential as biocatalysts for carbohydrate modification.

More Related Videos

Structural Characterization of Mannan Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Plants Using PACE
11:06

Structural Characterization of Mannan Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Plants Using PACE

Published on: October 16, 2017

Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays
12:30

Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays

Published on: December 17, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits
06:51

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

Published on: September 20, 2016

Structural Characterization of Mannan Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Plants Using PACE
11:06

Structural Characterization of Mannan Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Plants Using PACE

Published on: October 16, 2017

Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays
12:30

Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays

Published on: December 17, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Plant Cell Wall Biology

Background:

  • Plant cell walls contain acetylated polysaccharides, providing defense against microbes.
  • Acetylation hinders enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages and saccharification of hemicelluloses.
  • Microbial carbohydrate esterases (CEs) evolved to overcome these acetyl barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review enzymes that deacetylate plant hemicelluloses, excluding pectin.
  • To summarize current knowledge on catalytic properties of selected CE families.
  • To highlight the potential of CEs as biocatalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on CE families 1-7 and 16.
  • Analysis of enzyme classification, substrate specificity, and mechanism.
  • Summary of structural and functional data for CEs acting on hemicelluloses.

Main Results:

  • CEs are grouped into at least 8 families (CE 1-7 and 16), primarily acting on acetylxylan.
  • Enzymes exhibit diverse substrate and positional specificities (endo-type vs. exo-type deacetylation).
  • Most CEs are serine esterases, with CE family 4 comprising metal-dependent aspartic esterases.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CE specificity and roles is crucial for harnessing their potential.
  • CEs are valuable biocatalysts for regioselective acylation and deacylation of carbohydrates.
  • Further research is needed on substrate specificity and physiological roles of CEs.