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Related Concept Videos

Plasmids01:28

Plasmids

Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
Plasmodesmata02:32

Plasmodesmata

The organs in a multicellular organism’s body are made up of tissues formed by cells. To work together cohesively, cells must communicate. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
Plasmodesmata01:20

Plasmodesmata

In a multicellular organism, cells must communicate to work together in a coordinated manner. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
Intercellular junctions are a feature of fungal, plant, and animal cells. However, different types of junctions are found in different kinds of cells. Intercellular junctions found in animal cells include tight junctions, gap junctions, and...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes

The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks
07:50

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Published on: November 25, 2015

Welcome to the plasmidome.

Alan Walker

    Nature Reviews. Microbiology
    |May 15, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers analyzed plasmid DNA in cow rumen using metagenomics. This study reveals the diversity and function of plasmids within the bovine gut microbiome.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Genomics
    • Bioinformatics

    Background:

    • The bovine rumen hosts a complex microbial community crucial for digestion.
    • Plasmids, extrachromosomal DNA elements, play significant roles in microbial adaptation and gene transfer.
    • Characterizing plasmid diversity is essential for understanding microbiome function and evolution.

    Discussion:

    • Metagenomics enables comprehensive analysis of genetic material directly from environmental samples.
    • The study identified a wide array of plasmids within the bovine rumen microbiome.
    • Plasmid content varied significantly across different rumen samples, suggesting niche-specific adaptations.

    Key Insights:

    • The research provides a detailed catalog of plasmids present in the bovine rumen.
    • Functional analysis suggests plasmids carry genes involved in nutrient metabolism and antibiotic resistance.
    • This work enhances our understanding of horizontal gene transfer within the gut microbiome.

    Outlook:

    • Further research can explore the functional impact of specific plasmids on host health and productivity.
    • Comparative metagenomics across different cattle breeds and diets can reveal broader patterns.
    • The findings could inform strategies for manipulating the rumen microbiome for improved animal agriculture.