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MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNAs

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Efficiency and specificity in microRNA biogenesis.

Omer Barad¹, Mati Mann, Elik Chapnik

¹Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

|May 15, 2012

Summary

The Microprocessor complex, essential for microRNA biogenesis, balances its activity through autoregulatory feedback. This feedback tunes Microprocessor levels to ensure efficient and specific cleavage of pri-miRNA substrates.

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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

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Published on: February 6, 2017

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Gene Regulation
Biochemistry

Background:

The Drosha-Dgcr8 'Microprocessor' complex initiates microRNA biogenesis through primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) cleavage.
The Microprocessor complex may exhibit non-specific cleavage activity on other nuclear RNAs, raising questions about its specificity.
Understanding the regulation of Microprocessor activity is crucial for comprehending microRNA production and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the regulatory mechanisms governing the specificity and efficiency of the Microprocessor complex.
To elucidate the role of autoregulatory feedback in Microprocessor function.
To determine how Microprocessor levels are balanced with pri-miRNA substrate availability.

Main Methods:

Utilized mathematical modeling to simulate Microprocessor complex dynamics.
Conducted experimental studies in both mouse and human tissues.
Analyzed the relationship between Microprocessor expression levels and pri-miRNA substrate concentrations.

Main Results:

Identified autoregulatory feedback on Microprocessor expression as a key regulatory mechanism.
Demonstrated that this feedback is instrumental in balancing Microprocessor activity.
Showed that Microprocessor levels are effectively tuned to pri-miRNA substrate levels for optimal function.

Conclusions:

Autoregulatory feedback is critical for maintaining the specificity and efficiency of the Microprocessor complex.
Tuning Microprocessor levels to substrate availability ensures accurate microRNA biogenesis.
This regulatory mechanism prevents non-specific RNA cleavage and ensures proper gene regulation.