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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

[Function-preserving adrenalectomy for adrenal tumors].

M Brauckhoff1, H Dralle

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway. michael.brauckhoff@helse-bergen.no

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|May 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Organ-preserving adrenal surgery, including subtotal adrenalectomy or autotransplantation, preserves adrenal function. Most patients regain sufficient stress capacity post-surgery, minimizing the need for steroid replacement therapy.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Adrenal Gland Physiology

Context:

  • Bilateral adrenal surgery poses risks to adrenocortical function.
  • Organ-preserving techniques aim to maintain adrenal capacity.
  • Exogenous steroid dependence is a common complication.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of organ-preserving adrenal surgery in maintaining adrenocortical function.
  • To assess the rate of steroid independence after subtotal adrenalectomy and autotransplantation.
  • To analyze the risk of disease recurrence after organ-preserving resections.

Summary:

  • Organ-preserving resection (subtotal adrenalectomy) or adrenocortical autotransplantation can preserve adrenocortical stress capacity in bilateral adrenal surgery.
  • While autotransplantation leads to steroid independence in ~30% of patients, organ-preserving surgery avoids supplementation in >80% of cases.
  • Despite initial impairment, ~80% of patients achieve functional restitution within weeks; however, a ~20% ipsilateral recurrence risk exists for familial pheochromocytoma over 20 years.

Impact:

  • Organ-preserving adrenal surgery, particularly endoscopic approaches, is recommended to maintain adrenal function and reduce steroid dependency.
  • Careful surgical technique, avoiding devascularization of the adrenal remnant, is crucial for functional restitution.
  • Approximately one-third of an adrenal gland can suffice for adequate adrenocortical function, highlighting the potential for successful organ preservation.