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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
09:25

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

Published on: October 14, 2016

Stem cells: a view from the roots.

Ildiko M L Somorjai1, Jan U Lohmann, Thomas W Holstein

  • 1Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. somorjai@cantab.net

Biotechnology Journal
|May 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant and animal regeneration relies on stem cell activation, sharing conserved regulatory mechanisms. Understanding these similarities and differences aids in designing artificial stem cell systems for biomaterials science.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
09:25

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

Published on: October 14, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Comparative biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell research

Background:

  • Regeneration in plants and animals necessitates stem cell activation, potentially linked to multicellularity's evolution.
  • Despite evolutionary divergence, plant (e.g., Arabidopsis) and animal (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) models exhibit conserved stem cell regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comparative framework of stem cell regulation in plants and animals.
  • To highlight commonalities and differences in stem cell organization, epigenetic modifications, and small RNA roles.
  • To inform the design of artificial stem cell systems and advance biomaterials science.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of stem cell regulation across diverse plant and animal models.
  • Review of literature on stem cell niches, epigenetic modifications (DNA and histones), and small RNA machinery.
  • Examination of emerging basal systems for evolutionary insights.

Main Results:

  • Conserved mechanisms in stem cell niche organization, DNA/histone epigenetic modification, and small RNA functions in pluripotency and differentiation.
  • Dysregulation of these mechanisms can result in aging, developmental defects, and cancer.
  • Basal plant and animal systems offer insights into the evolutionary diversity of eukaryotic stem cell regulation.

Conclusions:

  • A comparative framework reveals shared and distinct stem cell regulatory strategies between plants and animals.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing novel artificial stem cell systems.
  • This research has implications for advancing biomaterials science and regenerative medicine.