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Nursing Assessment01:29

Nursing Assessment

The two sources for collecting information are primary and secondary. After gathering information, interpretation and validation help to complete the data. The purpose of assessment is to establish data with the initial information, to interpret data about the patient's perceived needs and health problems, and to respond to these problems identified.
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The evaluation stage signals the end of the nursing process. The nurse gathers evaluative data to assess whether or not the patient has attained the expected results. Whereas the nurse collects data in the nursing assessment to identify the patient's health concerns, the evaluation stage data determines if the indicated health issues are resolved. Evaluative data collection includes two sections: the data acquired to evaluate patient outcomes and the time criteria for data collection.
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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Computerized Adaptive Testing System of Functional Assessment of Stroke
05:21

Computerized Adaptive Testing System of Functional Assessment of Stroke

Published on: January 7, 2019

Expanding options for developing outcome measures from momentary assessment data.

Arthur A Stone1, Joan E Broderick, Stefan Schneider

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Putnam Hall, South Campus, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA. arthur.stone@sunysb.edu

Psychosomatic Medicine
|May 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Real-time symptom data offers new patient-reported outcomes (PROs) beyond simple averages. The proportion of pain-free reports best identified treatment effects in chronic pain studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Pain research
  • Patient-reported outcomes
  • Digital health

Background:

  • Traditional patient-reported outcomes (PROs) often rely on retrospective recall.
  • Momentary, real-time data collection offers a more granular view of symptom experience.
  • Developing novel PROs from real-time data is crucial for understanding symptom variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate different patient-reported outcomes (PROs) derived from momentary, real-time symptom data.
  • To demonstrate methods for summarizing symptom experiences over a defined period using real-time data.
  • To identify which summary measures best reflect changes in symptom experience.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of two chronic pain studies utilizing real-time data collection.
  • Development and comparison of various summary statistics from momentary pain intensity reports (mean, median, percentile, etc.).
  • Assessment of measures' ability to discriminate between treatment and no-treatment groups and correlate with global change impression.

Main Results:

  • Multiple outcome measures were derived, including mean, median, 90th percentile, maximum, standard deviation, proportion of pain-free reports, and high-pain reports.
  • The proportion of momentary reports without pain (effect size = 0.50) and the mean of all reports (effect size = 0.45) best discriminated between groups with and without treatment changes.
  • Most derived measures correlated significantly with patients' global impression of change.

Conclusions:

  • Momentary symptom data can generate valuable PROs that capture aspects of symptom experience beyond the average.
  • Real-time data analysis provides deeper insights into symptom fluctuations and their association with perceived overall changes.
  • The findings support the utility of real-time data for developing more sensitive and informative PROs in clinical research.