Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this principle...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications01:19

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Togetherness in Couples Living With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Interpretive Interview Study.

Journal of clinical nursing·2026
Same author

Population-based characterization of left atrial and appendage variations: Prevalence, risk factor associations, and sex-specific morphology.

Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography·2026
Same author

Elevated remnant cholesterol, but not LDL cholesterol, explains part of recurrent ASCVD events in individuals with and without impaired renal function: the Copenhagen General Population Study and the UK Biobank.

Atherosclerosis·2026
Same author

National and Individual-Level Economic Burden of Local Corticosteroid Use and Concomitant Use of Multiple Local Corticosteroid Formulations-A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·2026
Same author

Non-HDL Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B Measures and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.

JAMA cardiology·2026
Same author

Essential to identify high lipoprotein(a) in children with hypercholesterolaemia.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method
08:44

Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method

Published on: February 2, 2024

New Danish reference values for spirometry.

Anders Løkke1, Jacob Louis Marott, Jann Mortensen

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aarhus County Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

The Clinical Respiratory Journal
|May 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

New lung function reference values were established using data from over 11,000 healthy individuals. Lung function has generally improved over the past two decades, with updated reference values reflecting this trend.

More Related Videos

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults
06:11

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults

Published on: February 9, 2022

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
14:49

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting

Published on: April 8, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method
08:44

Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method

Published on: February 2, 2024

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults
06:11

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults

Published on: February 9, 2022

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
14:49

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting

Published on: April 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • International guidelines recommend periodic updates of lung function reference values due to cohort effects and technological advancements.
  • The Danish Lung Society previously published spirometry reference values in 1986 based on a limited cohort.
  • Existing reference values needed expansion to cover broader age ranges and incorporate contemporary data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish new, updated reference values for lung function in adults.
  • To extend existing lung function reference ranges to include individuals aged 20-29 and over 70.
  • To provide current benchmarks for assessing respiratory health in the population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Copenhagen City Heart Study (2001-2003) and the Copenhagen General Population Study (2003-2010).
  • Included 11,288 healthy, never-smoking white individuals (6,307 women, 4,981 men) aged 20 and older with adequate spirometry.
  • Employed sex-stratified multiple linear regression to derive prediction formulas for FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC, adjusted for age and height.

Main Results:

  • Developed prediction formulas for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC ratio.
  • Defined normal lung function cutoff as the fifth percentile (5% quantile) stratified by sex, age, and height.
  • Validated the robustness and reliability of the generated reference values through rigorous testing.

Conclusions:

  • The 2001-2010 dataset provides updated lung function reference values, particularly for extreme age and height groups.
  • Compared to 1986 data, the current study indicates a general improvement in lung function levels across most subgroups over two decades.
  • These new reference values are crucial for accurate diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory conditions.