Cardiac failure 30 years after treatment containing anthracycline for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

In 1977, a 5-year-old girl diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was treated on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Protocol 77-01, receiving a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 465 mg/m(2), cranial radiation, and other drugs. After being in continuous complete remission for 34 months, she developed heart failure and was treated with digoxin and furosemide. At 16 years of age, she was diagnosed and treated for dilated cardiomyopathy. Over the years, she continued to have bouts of heart failure, which became less responsive to treatment. At 36 years of age, she received a heart transplant. Six months later, she stopped taking her medications and suffered a sudden cardiac death.