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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade
11:55

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

Antigen-presenting cell-derived complement modulates graft-versus-host disease.

Wing-Hong Kwan1, Daigo Hashimoto, Estela Paz-Artal

  • 1Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|May 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement system components C3a and C5a, activated by irradiation, worsen graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after transplantation. Blocking C5a receptor (C5aR) reduced GvHD, suggesting complement inhibition as a therapy.

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Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade
11:55

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

Bone Marrow Transplantation Platform to Investigate the Role of Dendritic Cells in Graft-versus-Host Disease
08:05

Bone Marrow Transplantation Platform to Investigate the Role of Dendritic Cells in Graft-versus-Host Disease

Published on: March 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology
  • Complement System

Background:

  • Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT).
  • Immune cell-derived C3a and C5a are implicated as regulators of T cell immunity.
  • The role of locally produced C3a and C5a in T cell-mediated GvHD remains to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of locally produced C3a and C5a on murine T cell-mediated GvHD.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of complement inhibition in GvHD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized murine models of allo-HCT.
  • Examined the impact of total body irradiation on complement component activation.
  • Assessed GvHD outcomes in mice with genetic deficiencies in decay accelerating factor (Daf1), C3a receptor (C3aR), and C5a receptor (C5aR).
  • Investigated the efficacy of pharmacological C5aR blockade in reducing GvHD morbidity.

Main Results:

  • Total body irradiation upregulated and activated alternative pathway complement components by recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
  • Allo-HCT in Daf1-null hosts and donors exacerbated GvHD and promoted T cell expansion.
  • T cells deficient in C3aR and/or C5aR showed impaired responses and reduced GvHD induction.
  • Pharmacological C5aR blockade significantly reduced GvHD morbidity.

Conclusions:

  • APC-derived complement components mechanistically link to T cell-mediated GvHD.
  • Complement inhibition, specifically C5aR blockade, represents a promising therapeutic strategy for managing GvHD in humans.