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Related Concept Videos

Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Role of Amygdala in Memory01:16

Role of Amygdala in Memory

The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Modulations of ongoing alpha oscillations predict successful short-term visual memory encoding.

Rodolphe Nenert1, Shivakumar Viswanathan, Darcy M Dubuc

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|May 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Alpha oscillations, measured by electroencephalography (EEG), are linked to visual memory performance. Higher alpha power before stimuli and faster desynchronization after stimuli correlate with quicker reaction times and better memory.

Keywords:
EEGalphaattentiondesynchronizationoscillationsreaction-timeworking-memory

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Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis
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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
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Published on: August 15, 2010

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis
07:25

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Published on: August 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Brain Activity

Background:

  • Alpha-frequency band oscillations are prominent in electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of neuronal activity.
  • Previously considered indicative of a resting state, alpha power is now theorized to reflect cortical inhibition.
  • The specific role of upper alpha-band oscillations (around 12 Hz) in cognitive processes remains an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of upper alpha-band oscillations in short-term visual memory using a change-detection task.
  • To examine the relationship between pre-stimulus alpha power and performance metrics like reaction time.
  • To explore how alpha power dynamics (desynchronization and resynchronization) relate to working memory load and successful encoding.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity during a visual change-detection task.
  • Analyzed upper alpha-band oscillations (12 Hz) in relation to stimulus presentation and memory load.
  • Correlated alpha power measures (pre-stimulus power, post-stimulus desynchronization, and maintenance-phase power) with behavioral data (reaction time, accuracy).

Main Results:

  • Faster reaction times were associated with stronger pre-stimulus alpha power in frontal and posterior regions.
  • Participants with faster reaction times exhibited stronger alpha desynchronization after stimulus presentation.
  • Increased working memory load led to faster alpha desynchronization post-stimulus and greater alpha power during memory maintenance, suggesting faster resynchronization.

Conclusions:

  • The degree to which alpha power is suppressed by stimulus presentation is crucial for successful visual stimulus encoding.
  • Alpha oscillations play an active role in attentional processes, rather than merely reflecting cortical inhibition or idling.
  • Findings challenge the simple inhibitory view of alpha power, supporting its involvement in active cognitive functions like attention and memory.