Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Historical approach to late visual hallucinations, from Charles Bonnet to Lewy body disease].

Geriatrie et psychologie neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement·2026
Same author

[Montaigne and the experience of falling from his horse].

Histoire des sciences medicales·2018
Same author

Guy Patin and his martyrology of those dead because of antimony.

Histoire des sciences medicales·2018
Same author

[Raspail, propagandist himself from the "warnings" of the manual of health, between 1845 and 1878].

Histoire des sciences medicales·2015
Same author

[Presence of terms for birds, aquatic animals and insects in medical language].

Histoire des sciences medicales·2014
Same author

[Jean-Charles Sournia and Berry].

Histoire des sciences medicales·2007

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

[Esquirol and dementia].

Philippe Albou

    Histoire Des Sciences Medicales
    |May 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Jean Etienne Dominique Esquirol precisely defined dementia as intellectual weakness, distinguishing it from psychoses and mental deficiency. His work highlighted the nature of senile insanity compared to other dementias.

    More Related Videos

    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
    09:17

    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

    Published on: November 6, 2017

    Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
    06:58

    Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

    Published on: January 24, 2020

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 22, 2026

    A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
    12:18

    A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

    Published on: January 11, 2020

    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
    09:17

    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

    Published on: November 6, 2017

    Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
    06:58

    Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

    Published on: January 24, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Psychiatry
    • History of Medicine

    Background:

    • Jean Etienne Dominique Esquirol, following Pinel, advanced the medical definition of dementia.
    • Esquirol's work differentiated dementia from mania (psychoses) and mental deficiency.

    Discussion:

    • Esquirol's contributions, particularly in 1814 and 1838, refined the understanding of senile insanity.
    • He meticulously compared senile insanity with other forms of dementia.

    Key Insights:

    • Dementia defined as a condition encompassing intellectual weakness from various causes.
    • Clear distinction established between dementia, psychoses, and mental deficiency.
    • Early insights into the specific characteristics of senile insanity.

    Outlook:

    • Esquirol's foundational work continues to influence the classification and understanding of cognitive decline.
    • His distinctions remain relevant in contemporary psychiatric nosology.
    • Further research can build upon his historical classifications to explore modern diagnostic criteria.