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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
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Smectic-A-smectic-C phase transition in biaxial disordered environments.

Leiming Chen1, John Toner

  • 1College of Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers investigated the smectic-A-smectic-C phase transition in disordered environments. Both phases exhibit quasi-long-ranged order, and the transition belongs to a new universality class, indicating a continuous transition.

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Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Smectic liquid crystals exhibit distinct phases (Smectic-A and Smectic-C) with unique molecular ordering.
  • Disordered environments, such as anisotropic aerogels, significantly influence phase transitions in materials.
  • Understanding universality classes is crucial for classifying critical phenomena in physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the smectic-A-smectic-C phase transition in biaxial disordered environments.
  • To determine the universality class of the Smectic-A and Smectic-C phases in these environments.
  • To characterize the universality class of the phase transition itself.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the "XY Bragg glass" universality class.
  • Application of an ε=7/2-d expansion for studying the phase transition.
  • Calculation of critical exponents.

Main Results:

  • Both Smectic-A and Smectic-C phases exhibit quasi-long-ranged translational smectic order.
  • These phases belong to the "XY Bragg glass" universality class.
  • The phase transition itself is found to belong to a new universality class.

Conclusions:

  • A stable fixed point was identified for the phase transition, implying a continuous transition.
  • The critical exponents of this new universality class were successfully calculated.
  • The study provides new insights into critical phenomena in disordered liquid crystals.