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Metamorphosis and fish vision.

B I Evans¹, R D Fernald

¹Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.

Journal of Neurobiology

|October 1, 1990

Summary

Fish metamorphosis involves significant visual system changes, driven by thyroxine. Rod photoreceptors likely evolved during this transition, suggesting multiple evolutionary origins.

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Area of Science:

* Developmental Biology
* Evolutionary Biology
* Comparative Physiology

Background:

* Teleost fish exhibit extensive postembryonic development and change, with metamorphosis being a common strategy.
* Metamorphosis in fish involves coordinated gene expression leading to dramatic external transformations.
* The visual system undergoes significant modifications, including changes in photoreceptor sensitivity and retinal structure.

Purpose of the Study:

* To explore metamorphosis as a developmental strategy in fish, emphasizing plasticity.
* To investigate the role of thyroxine as the primary metamorphic hormone.
* To understand the evolution of metamorphosis and photoreceptor development in teleosts.

Main Methods:

* Analysis of metamorphic events across teleost species, including direct-developing fish.
* Behavioral studies demonstrating changes in visual capabilities.
* Comparative analysis of photoreceptor development and evolution.

Main Results:

* Metamorphic changes in the visual system correlate with habitat shifts and altered visual abilities.
* Thyroxine is identified as the key metamorphic hormone.
* The developmental sequence of photoreceptors supports the hypothesis that cones are older than rods and rods may have evolved multiple times.

Conclusions:

* Metamorphosis is a key developmental strategy in fish, characterized by plasticity.
* The evolution of rod photoreceptors is linked to the larval-to-juvenile transition during metamorphosis.
* The ontogenetic sequence of photoreceptor development provides evidence for the phylogenetic age of cones and the multiple origins of rods.

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