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Related Concept Videos

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Induced Electric Fields01:23

Induced Electric Fields

The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:17

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Magnetic forces on wires carrying current are most frequently applied in motors. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. In motors, wire loops are enclosed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate. The direction of the current is reversed once the loop's surface area is lined up with the magnetic field, causing a constant torque on the loop. During the process, commutators...

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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
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Published on: June 3, 2015

An electrically controlled quantum dot based spin current injector.

Szabolcs Csonka1, Ireneusz Weymann, Gergely Zarand

  • 1Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.

Nanoscale
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

We propose a quantum dot device that generates a highly spin-polarized current. This spin current injector is electrically controlled and can rapidly switch polarization direction, enabling advanced spintronic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Quantum Computing
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Development of efficient spin current sources is crucial for spintronics.
  • Quantum dots offer tunable electronic properties for nanoscale devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel, electrically controllable spin current injector based on a quantum dot.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of achieving high spin polarization and rapid switching.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical proposal of a device integrating a quantum dot with ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic electrodes.
  • Analysis of exchange field effects on quantum dot energy levels.
  • Simulation of spin polarization and switching dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The proposed device achieves nearly full spin polarization of the current.
  • Spin polarization sign can be controlled electrically via gate or bias voltage.
  • Switching times are in the nanosecond range.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed quantum dot device functions as a rapidly switchable, electrically controlled spin current source.
  • This design is compatible with existing nanostructure fabrication techniques.
  • Enables new possibilities for high-speed spintronic circuits and quantum information processing.