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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
08:15

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

Ca(5)Zr(3)F(22).

Abdelghani Oudahmane1, Malika El-Ghozzi, Daniel Avignant

  • 1Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France and CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, BP 80026, 63171 Aubière, France.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single crystals of penta-calcium trizirconium docosafluoride (Ca(5)Zr(3)F(22)) were unexpectedly synthesized. Its layered structure, built from zirconium fluoride polyhedra and linked by calcium cations, offers new insights into complex fluoride materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Inorganic chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Fluoride materials are crucial in various scientific applications.
  • Understanding the synthesis and structure of novel compounds is essential for material science.
  • Zirconium and calcium fluorides form complex structures with unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the unexpected synthesis and structural characterization of a novel calcium zirconium fluoride compound.
  • To describe the crystal structure of penta-calcium trizirconium docosafluoride (Ca(5)Zr(3)F(22)).
  • To analyze the coordination environment of calcium ions within the fluoride framework.

Main Methods:

  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • Solid-state reaction synthesis.
  • Crystal structure analysis and description.

Main Results:

  • Single crystals of Ca(5)Zr(3)F(22) were obtained via solid-state reaction of CaF(2) and ZrF(4) with AgF.
  • The structure is isotypic with Sr(5)Zr(3)F(22), featuring [Zr(3)F(20)](8-) layers linked by Ca(2+) cations.
  • Calcium ions exhibit high coordination numbers (8-12) and distorted fluorine environments within a 3D network.

Conclusions:

  • The unexpected synthesis yielded a new complex fluoride material.
  • The detailed structural analysis provides a foundation for understanding structure-property relationships in related fluoride systems.
  • The study highlights the potential for discovering novel fluoride compounds through controlled solid-state reactions.