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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area
08:13

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

Published on: February 19, 2018

Non-centrosymmetric Na(3)Nb(4)As(3)O(19).

Saïda Fatma Chérif1, Khaled Hizaoui, Mohamed Faouzi Zid

  • 1Laboratoire de Matériaux et Cristallochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar Tunis, Tunisia.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A novel non-centrosymmetric compound, trisodium tetraniobium triarsenide nonadecaoxide (Na(3)Nb(4)As(3)O(19)), was synthesized. Its 3D framework structure features tunnels housing sodium ions, offering insights into inorganic material design.

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Niobium Oxide Films Deposited by Reactive Sputtering: Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate

Published on: September 28, 2019

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

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Niobium Oxide Films Deposited by Reactive Sputtering: Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate
08:23

Niobium Oxide Films Deposited by Reactive Sputtering: Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate

Published on: September 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Non-centrosymmetric compounds are crucial for nonlinear optical applications.
  • Understanding the structural motifs of complex oxides informs material design.
  • Ternary transition metal arsenates represent an underexplored class of inorganic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new non-centrosymmetric inorganic compound.
  • To elucidate the crystal structure of Na(3)Nb(4)As(3)O(19).
  • To compare the structural features with related compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-state reaction synthesis at 1123 K.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.
  • Structural comparison with M(2)XO(13) and M(2)X(2)O(17) frameworks.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of trisodium tetraniobium triarsenide nonadecaoxide, Na(3)Nb(4)As(3)O(19).
  • The crystal structure features a 3D framework of corner-sharing AsO(4) tetrahedra and NbO(6) octahedra.
  • Two distinct tunnel systems along the c-axis accommodate statistically distributed Na(+) cations.
  • Sodium ions exhibit varying coordination numbers (4, 6, and 7) with oxygen.

Conclusions:

  • The new compound Na(3)Nb(4)As(3)O(19) possesses a novel non-centrosymmetric structure.
  • The framework architecture provides channels for ion mobility, relevant for ionic conductors.
  • Structural comparison reveals similarities and differences with related transition metal arsenate and phosphate compounds.