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Related Concept Videos

Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Bis(2,2'-bipyridine-κ(2)N,N')tris-(nitrato-κ(2)O,O')erbium(III).

Hua Yang1

  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a novel erbium compound, [Er(NO3)3(C10H8N2)2]. The erbium ion exhibits tenfold coordination within a distorted bicapped dodecahedral geometry, stabilized by nitrate and bipyridine ligands.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • The synthesis and structural characterization of lanthanide complexes are crucial for understanding their unique properties.
  • 2,2'-bipyridine is a common chelating ligand used in coordination chemistry.
  • Nitrate anions can act as ligands in metal complexes, influencing coordination geometry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of the title compound, [Er(NO3)3(C10H8N2)2].
  • To elucidate the coordination environment and geometry of the central Er(III) ion.
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to analyze the crystal structure.
  • The crystal structure was solved and refined to determine atomic positions and bonding.
  • Analysis of coordination numbers and geometry around the metal center.

Main Results:

  • The asymmetric unit contains one-half molecule on a twofold rotation axis.
  • The Er(III) ion is tenfold coordinated by six oxygen atoms from three nitrate anions and four nitrogen atoms from two 2,2'-bipyridine ligands.
  • The coordination geometry is a distorted bicapped dodecahedron.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully determined the detailed crystal structure of the novel erbium complex.
  • The coordination environment and distorted bicapped dodecahedral geometry of the Er(III) ion were confirmed.
  • Weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were identified as the primary intermolecular forces stabilizing the crystal structure.