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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism01:18

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

3-Benzyl-2H-chromen-2-one.

Guo-Qiang Li, Yao-Lan Li, Tao Jiang

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a coumarin compound isolated from Chinese traditional medicine Clausena lansium. Its molecular geometry and weak π-π stacking interactions were analyzed, revealing insights into its solid-state arrangement.

    Area of Science:

    • Natural Product Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Medicinal Chemistry

    Background:

    • Coumarins are a significant class of organic compounds found in nature.
    • Clausena lansium is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known to contain various bioactive compounds.
    • Understanding the structural properties of isolated compounds is crucial for elucidating their biological activities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the precise crystal structure of a specific coumarin isolated from Clausena lansium.
    • To analyze the molecular geometry, including planarity and dihedral angles.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions, such as π-π stacking, in the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to elucidate the three-dimensional structure.

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    06:34

    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

    Published on: June 20, 2014

  • Crystallographic data were collected and refined to obtain accurate atomic coordinates.
  • Intermolecular interactions were analyzed based on the determined crystal structure.

    • Main Results:

    • The coumarin compound, with chemical formula C(16)H(12)O(2), was successfully isolated and characterized.
    • The pyrone ring exhibited near planarity (mean deviation of 0.0135 Å).
    • Significant dihedral angles were observed between the benzopyrone unit's benzene ring and the pyrone ring (1.82°), and the substituent benzene ring (72.86°).
    • Weak π-π stacking interactions were identified as the primary stabilizing force in the crystal structure, with a minimum centroid-centroid distance of 3.6761 Å.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure analysis provides detailed insights into the molecular conformation and packing of this coumarin.
    • The observed π-π stacking interactions are key to the compound's stability in the solid state.
    • This structural information can contribute to understanding the structure-activity relationships of coumarins from medicinal plants.