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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

3.9K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
3.9K
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

1.9K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
1.9K
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

2.2K
The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
2.2K
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

3.2K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
3.2K
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

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Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists are agents that interact with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Consequently, the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft increases. These agonists can be classified into reversible and irreversible inhibitors based on their duration of action.
Reversible inhibitors display short to medium durations of action. Short-acting agents include simple alcohols with...
1.1K
Cholinergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Cholinergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

3.2K
Cholinergic antagonists bind to cholinergic receptors and limit the effects of acetylcholine and other cholinergic agonists. Based on the specific cholinergic receptor affinity, these antagonists are classified as muscarinic or nicotinic. Anticholinergics interrupt parasympathetic innervations while sympathetic innervations remain uninterrupted. Muscarinic antagonists are also called 'muscarinic antagonists', 'antimuscarinics', or 'parasympatholytics'. Nicotinic...
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A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s
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2-Chloro-5-nitro-pyridin-4-amine.

Jian-Ling He1

  • 1College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yinbing Road No.9 Yancheng, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
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This study details the crystal structure of a molecule with mirror symmetry, revealing intramolecular hydrogen bonds and intermolecular interactions that form crystal chains. The findings offer insights into molecular arrangement and bonding in crystalline solids.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography and Molecular Structure
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules is fundamental to chemistry and materials science.
  • Hydrogen bonding and other intermolecular forces play a critical role in determining crystal packing and material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the molecule C(5)H(4)ClN(3)O(2).
  • To identify and characterize intra-molecular and inter-molecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds.
  • To describe the resulting supramolecular architecture in the solid state.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of atomic positions and bond lengths/angles to identify symmetry elements and interactions.
  • Topological analysis of hydrogen bonding networks.

Main Results:

  • The molecule C(5)H(4)ClN(3)O(2) exhibits mirror symmetry with all atoms located in the mirror plane.
  • An intramolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond was observed between the nitro (-NO(2)) and amino (-NH(2)) groups.
  • Intermolecular N-H⋯Cl and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link adjacent molecules into chains propagating along the [100] direction.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure is stabilized by a combination of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
  • The observed hydrogen bonding patterns lead to the formation of one-dimensional chains in the crystal lattice.
  • The study provides a detailed understanding of the structural features and intermolecular interactions of C(5)H(4)ClN(3)O(2).