Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition–Elimination (SNAr)01:30

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition–Elimination (SNAr)

Nucleophilic substitution in aromatic compounds is feasible in substrates bearing strong electron-withdrawing substituents positioned ortho or para to the leaving group. The reaction proceeds via two steps: the addition of the nucleophile and the elimination of the leaving group.
The reaction begins with an attack of the nucleophile on the carbon that holds the leaving group. This results in the delocalization of the π electrons over the ring carbons. The resonance interaction between the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Technical advances in robotic retinal surgery: a systematic review and future research directions.

Journal of robotic surgery·2026
Same author

Not Just Another Deep Vein Thrombosis: Unmasking May-Thurner Syndrome.

Cureus·2026
Same author

1,3,4 oxadiazole derivative attenuates neurotransmitter-mediated inflammatory response in EAE model of multiple sclerosis.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Technical advances in robotic retinal surgery: a systematic review and future research directions.

Journal of robotic surgery·2026
Same author

Gastroprotective effect of Kahweol against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer by employing in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches.

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology·2026
Same author

1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivative: A Potential Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Agent in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Neurochemical research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
10:42

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Published on: January 3, 2018

N-(2-Nitro-phenyl-carbamothio-yl)acetamide.

Durre Shahwar, M Nawaz Tahir, Muhammad Mansha Chohan

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, C(9)H(9)N(3)O(3)S. Molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions were analyzed, revealing specific hydrogen bonding patterns and crystal packing.

    More Related Videos

    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
    11:01

    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

    Published on: November 23, 2016

    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
    08:43

    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

    Published on: January 19, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 22, 2026

    Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
    10:42

    Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

    Published on: January 3, 2018

    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
    11:01

    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

    Published on: November 23, 2016

    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
    08:43

    Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

    Published on: January 19, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure Analysis

    Background:

    • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
    • Crystal structure analysis provides fundamental insights into molecular conformation and intermolecular forces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(9)H(9)N(3)O(3)S.
    • To characterize the molecular geometry, including dihedral angles between key functional groups.
    • To identify and describe intra- and intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the atomic arrangement.
    • Crystallographic data were analyzed to obtain bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion angles.
    • Intermolecular interactions were identified using hydrogen bond analysis and other crystallographic tools.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(9)H(9)N(3)O(3)S was successfully determined.
    • A significant dihedral angle of 54.82° was observed between the benzene ring and the N-carbamothio-ylacetamide unit.
    • The nitro group exhibited a dihedral angle of 28.54° relative to the benzene ring.
    • Intramolecular N-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds formed S(6) rings.
    • Inversion dimers, stabilized by N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, formed R(2)(2)(8) loops.
    • Weak C-H⋯O interactions were identified, contributing to crystal stabilization.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a detailed description of the molecular structure and crystal packing of C(9)H(9)N(3)O(3)S.
    • The identified hydrogen bonding network and other weak interactions dictate the overall crystal architecture.
    • These findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in related organic compounds.