Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview01:07

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview

In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous overlap of p...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
Protein Organization01:13

Protein Organization

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanical Reinforcement of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Nanocomposites Prepared from Masterbatch of Cellulose Nanofibers Wrapped with Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol (EVOH).

Polymers·2026
Same author

Assessing the Role of Compostable Plastics in Circular Economy Transition.

ChemSusChem·2025
Same author

Physically programmed vegan leather emulating the mechanical and sensory characteristics of animal leather from once-discarded gluten.

Materials horizons·2025
Same author

Dynamic Disulfide Chemistry for Functional Polymers: Self-Healing, Vitrimer Behavior, and Biochemical/Electronic Applications.

ChemSusChem·2025
Same author

Post-functionalization of polyethers by photoinduced C-H amidation via polar-radical relay.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

In situ soil environment-based evaluation on degradation of biodegradable plastics.

The Science of the total environment·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides
07:26

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides

Published on: November 21, 2013

Self-assembly driven by an aromatic primary amide motif.

Myungeun Seo1, Jeyoung Park, Sang Youl Kim

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-x701, Korea.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|May 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary amides form unique 2D hydrogen-bonded networks. Introducing a trifluoromethyl group enhances their solubility and processability for advanced self-assembly applications beyond crystal engineering.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides
07:26

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides

Published on: November 21, 2013

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Primary amides are versatile synthons forming 2D hydrogen-bonded networks.
  • These networks are distinct from conventional structures like carboxylic acid dimers.
  • Current applications are limited to crystal engineering due to strong crystallization tendencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review hydrogen bonding properties of primary amides from crystal studies.
  • To discuss supramolecular assemblies based on primary amides.
  • To propose a strategy for overcoming crystallization and solubility issues.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of crystal structure studies on primary amides.
  • Discussion of various supramolecular assemblies.
  • Introduction of ortho-trifluoromethyl substitution strategy.

Main Results:

  • Primary amides reliably form 2D hydrogen-bonded networks.
  • Ortho-trifluoromethyl substitution maintains 2D networks while improving solubility.
  • 2-trifluoromethylbenzamide demonstrates utility in self-assembly.

Conclusions:

  • Primary amides offer unique supramolecular assembly potential.
  • Trifluoromethyl substitution is a viable strategy for expanding applications.
  • This approach facilitates self-assembly in solution and liquid crystals.