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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types

Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles01:16

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles

Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Hair strands originate at the epidermal penetration called the hair follicle. The hair shaft is the part...
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Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Folliculogenesis

Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

A New Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Hair Loss in Mice Using Grayscale Analysis
06:41

A New Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Hair Loss in Mice Using Grayscale Analysis

Published on: March 9, 2015

Interventions for female pattern hair loss.

Esther J van Zuuren1, Zbys Fedorowicz, Ben Carter

  • 1Department ofDermatology, LeidenUniversityMedicalCenter, Leiden,Netherlands. E.J.van_Zuuren@lumc.nl.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|May 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Topical minoxidil effectively treats female pattern hair loss (androgenic alopecia), showing significant hair regrowth compared to placebo. While generally safe, some side effects like unwanted hair growth can occur, necessitating further research into optimal application.

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10:09

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Published on: February 28, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Trichology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Female pattern hair loss (androgenic alopecia) is the most prevalent hair loss condition in women.
  • It involves progressive hair follicle miniaturization and shortening of the hair growth cycle.
  • Hair loss significantly impacts psychological well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of various treatments for female pattern hair loss.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on female hair loss interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sourced from multiple databases up to October 2011.
  • Included 22 trials with 2349 participants, focusing on interventions for female pattern hair loss.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment performed independently by two reviewers.

Main Results:

  • Topical minoxidil demonstrated effectiveness, with a higher proportion of participants reporting moderate hair regrowth versus placebo.
  • Minoxidil treatment led to a significant increase in total hair count per cm² compared to placebo.
  • Adverse events were similar between minoxidil and placebo, except for increased extraneous hair growth with 5% minoxidil applied twice daily.

Conclusions:

  • Topical minoxidil is an effective and safe treatment for female pattern hair loss, despite study quality concerns.
  • Further research is needed to compare different minoxidil concentrations and application frequencies for optimal adherence.
  • Well-designed RCTs are required to assess other treatment options for female pattern hair loss.