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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Sequences01:29

Sequences

Sequences are fundamental mathematical objects consisting of ordered lists of numbers that follow a specific rule or pattern. Sequences are critical in various mathematical concepts, including calculus, series, and number theory. They can model real-world phenomena such as population growth, financial investments, and physical processes like the diminishing height of a bouncing ball.Each number in a sequence is referred to as a term. Typically, the terms are denoted as a1, a2, a3,…, where the...
Complementary DNA01:44

Complementary DNA

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
09:37

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

CodonLogo: a sequence logo-based viewer for codon patterns.

Virag Sharma1, David P Murphy, Gregory Provan

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|May 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sequence logos visualize conserved nucleotide or amino acid patterns. CodonLogo is a new tool that visualizes conserved codon patterns in messenger RNA (mRNA), improving upon standard sequence logos.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Sequence logos are standard for visualizing conserved patterns in nucleotide or amino acid alignments.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory signals can function as codon combinations.
  • Existing tools lack the ability to visualize conserved codon patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the first application for visualizing conserved codon patterns in multiple sequence alignments.
  • To enable the discrimination of codon conservation from nucleotide conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed CodonLogo, an application based on WebLogo3.
  • Treated codons as inseparable units within a 64-letter alphabet.
  • Applied heuristics similar to WebLogo3.

Main Results:

  • CodonLogo successfully visualizes conserved regions in multiple sequence alignments within the context of codons.
  • The tool can differentiate codon conservation patterns from nucleotide conservation patterns that are indistinguishable in standard sequence logos.

Conclusions:

  • CodonLogo provides a novel method for analyzing conserved codon patterns in mRNA.
  • This tool enhances the visualization of sequence conservation by incorporating codon-level information.