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Stability

Stability

The time response of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be divided into transient and steady-state responses. The transient response represents the system's initial reaction to a change in input and diminishes to zero over time. In contrast, the steady-state response is the behavior that persists after the transient effects have faded.
The stability of an LTI system is determined by the roots of its characteristic equation, known as poles. A system is stable if it produces a bounded...

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this particular...

Stability of structures

Stability of structures

In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...

Pole and System Stability

Pole and System Stability

The transfer function is a fundamental concept representing the ratio of two polynomials. The numerator and denominator encapsulate the system's dynamics. The zeros and poles of this transfer function are critical in determining the system's behavior and stability.
Simple poles are unique roots of the denominator polynomial. Each simple pole corresponds to a distinct solution to the system's characteristic equation, typically resulting in exponential decay terms in the system's response.

Interference: Path Lengths

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Pausing on the path to robustness.

Mark L Siegal¹, Christine Rushlow

¹Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. mark.siegal@nyu.edu

Developmental Cell

|May 19, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) maintain cell stability. New research shows Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) acts as a transcriptional regulator, controlling gene induction by pausing RNA polymerase.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

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Published on: May 8, 2021

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Published on: March 19, 2020

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Gene Regulation
Cellular Homeostasis

Background:

Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis by aiding protein folding.
The transcriptional regulation of genes encoding Hsps has been a significant area of research.

Discussion:

Sawarkar et al. demonstrate that Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) functions not only as a chaperone but also as a transcriptional regulator.
Hsp90's role in regulating RNA polymerase pausing is highlighted, impacting gene expression dynamics.

Key Insights:

Hsp90 is essential for RNA polymerase pausing, a mechanism that enables rapid and robust gene induction.
This finding reveals a novel layer of transcriptional control mediated by a key molecular chaperone.

Outlook:

Further investigation into Hsp90's regulatory functions could uncover new therapeutic targets for diseases involving protein misfolding or aberrant gene expression.
Understanding Hsp90's role in transcriptional regulation may provide insights into stress responses and cellular adaptation.