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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

1.5K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

368
In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
368
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

440
Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
440
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

967
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
967
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

554
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
554
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

410
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
410

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Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography
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Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

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Pediatric obesity.

Mark J Holterman1, Ai-Xuan Le Holterman, Allen F Browne

  • 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Illinois, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, Peoria, IL 61603, USA. spandya01@yahoo.com

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|May 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood obesity requires effective treatments. Surgical options for adolescent obesity are safe and effective, necessitating individualized, multidisciplinary clinical trials for optimal strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Bariatric Surgery
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood obesity presents a significant global health challenge.
  • Current non-surgical treatments are insufficient for severe cases.
  • Surgical interventions offer a viable option for adolescent obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for the inclusion of surgical options in adolescent obesity management.
  • To emphasize the need for individualized treatment protocols.
  • To promote multidisciplinary clinical trials for evaluating obesity treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on surgical interventions for adolescent obesity.
  • Proposal for stratified, intensity-based treatment protocols.
  • Recommendation for cooperative clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Surgical options for adolescent obesity are demonstrated as safe and effective.
  • Individualized treatment plans based on disease severity are crucial.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are essential for developing optimal strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical interventions should be considered for adolescent obesity.
  • Stratified and individualized treatment protocols are necessary.
  • Further research through cooperative clinical trials is vital for advancing obesity treatment.