Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Bridging prediction and reality: AI-based external validation of predictive models for lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2026

Same author

Failure-to-rescue in surgical practice: a systematic review and critical appraisal of recent clinical studies.

Frontiers in surgery·2026

Same author

Function-preserving surgery in gastric cancer: current evidence and implications for the West.

World journal of surgical oncology·2025

Same author

Rectal Cancer in the Elderly: To Operate or Not to Operate? A Nationwide Retrospective Study of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology-Colorectal Cancer Network Collaborative Group.

Diseases of the colon and rectum·2025

Same author

Long-term Oncological Outcomes of Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision in Rectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study from a High-Volume Italian Center.

Clinical colorectal cancer·2025

Same author

Symptoms, nutritional outcomes and quality of life after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction: results of a cross-sectional study conducted on 80 long-term survivors.

Updates in surgery·2025

Same journal

Comparison of Small-Incision Tension-Free Mesh Repair With Scrotal Drainage and Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Repair for Inguinal Hernia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Annali italiani di chirurgia·2026

Same journal

Phyllodes Tumors: From National Guidelines to European Evidence and Collaboration.

Annali italiani di chirurgia·2026

Same journal

Anorectal Melanoma Management Evolution: A Narrative Review.

Annali italiani di chirurgia·2026

Same journal

Correlation and Responsiveness of Objective and Subjective Measures in Evaluating Periorbital Swelling After Upper Blepharoplasty: A Retrospective Study Using 3D Stereophotography and Visual Analogue Scale.

Annali italiani di chirurgia·2026

Same journal

Colonic Continuity After Splenic Flexure Resection: Does the Orientation of the Anastomosis Matter? A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Annali italiani di chirurgia·2026

Same journal

Aortic Repair in Landing Zone 2: From Chimney Technique to Branched Graft.

Annali italiani di chirurgia·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Y-90 Radioembolization and PD-1 Inhibitor as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Y-90 Radioembolization and PD-1 Inhibitor as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: May 24, 2024

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and ongoing-trials.

Domenico D'Ugo¹, Alberto Biondi

¹First General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Catholic University, Rome A. Rome, Italy. ddugo@rm.unicatt.it

Annali Italiani Di Chirurgia

|May 19, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Preoperative chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for gastric cancer are increasingly effective. Neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer is now considered Level I evidence, improving curative surgery rates.

More Related Videos

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down

Published on: December 11, 2017

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Published on: February 12, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Y-90 Radioembolization and PD-1 Inhibitor as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Y-90 Radioembolization and PD-1 Inhibitor as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: May 24, 2024

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down

Published on: December 11, 2017

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Published on: February 12, 2017

Area of Science:

Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Gastric carcinoma treatment has evolved significantly.
Preoperative therapy aims to improve surgical outcomes and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the history of preoperative therapy for gastric carcinoma.
To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant treatments.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on preoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy for gastric cancer.
Searches conducted on PubMed for English-language papers published between 1970 and 2010.

Main Results:

Therapeutic approaches have advanced from induction chemotherapy for unresectable disease to neoadjuvant therapy for resectable gastric neoplasms.
Phase III trials demonstrate the progression of neoadjuvant strategies.

Conclusions:

Preoperative chemotherapy in multimodal treatment for gastric adenocarcinoma is encouraging.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced, resectable gastric cancer is supported by Level I evidence, enhancing the likelihood of curative R0 resection.