Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

ASO Visual Abstract: Liver Metastasectomy to Obtain Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: Technical Considerations and Report on Single-Center Experience.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026

Same author

Correlation between recognition of autologous tumor organoids by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from metastatic epithelial cancers and clinical response.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026

Same author

Multi-Frequency Electrocochleography Results in Fewer Drop Alarms During Cochlear Implant Insertion.

The Laryngoscope·2026

Same author

Distinct in vivo dynamics of donor-derived stem cell memory CAR T cells post-allogeneic HSCT relapse.

Cell·2026

Same author

Loeys-Dietz syndrome: 2026 updated care management primer.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics·2026

Same author

Salvage Metastasectomy After Adoptive Cell Transfer for Melanoma: Long-Term Updates.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

A Unified Methodological Framework for Vestibular Schwannoma Research

A Unified Methodological Framework for Vestibular Schwannoma Research

Published on: June 20, 2017

Audiovestibular dysfunction associated with adoptive cell immunotherapy for melanoma.

Bradley J Seaman¹, Elizabeth A Guardiani, Carmen C Brewer

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

|May 19, 2012

Summary

Adoptive cell immunotherapy for melanoma can cause hearing loss and vestibular issues. Intratympanic steroid injections may help restore function, highlighting melanocytes

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

A Unified Methodological Framework for Vestibular Schwannoma Research

A Unified Methodological Framework for Vestibular Schwannoma Research

Published on: June 20, 2017

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Ototoxicology

Background:

Adoptive cell immunotherapy (ACI) shows promise for metastatic melanoma.
Pigment-pathway antigen targeting is a novel ACI strategy.
Audiologic and vestibular toxicities are potential side effects of ACI.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate hearing and vestibular toxicities from ACI targeting melanoma.
To investigate intratympanic steroid injections for treating these toxicities.

Main Methods:

Prospective study of 32 metastatic melanoma patients undergoing ACI.
Serial audiometric and vestibular testing.
Intratympanic steroid injections administered for significant deficits.

Main Results:

17/32 patients experienced hearing loss (mild to moderate).
10 patients received intratympanic steroid injections with partial to full recovery in most cases.
ACI dose correlated with audiovestibular deficit severity.

Conclusions:

ACI for melanoma can induce hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.
Melanocyte targeting is implicated in inner ear damage.
Intratympanic steroids offer a potential treatment avenue.