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High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

Drug testing in the workplace.

Hieu M Phan¹, Keith Yoshizuka, Daryl J Murry

¹College of Pharmacy, Touro University-California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA. hieu.phan@tu.edu

Pharmacotherapy

|May 19, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Federal workplace drug testing, mandated in 1988, uses urine tests for specific drug metabolites. This review examines legal aspects, procedures, and accuracy challenges of immunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, including drug cross-reactivity issues.

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Area of Science:

Forensic Toxicology
Occupational Health
Legal Medicine

Background:

The Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 mandated federal workplace drug testing using urine analysis.
Initial guidelines focused on specific drug metabolites: marijuana, cocaine, phencyclidine, opiates, and amphetamines.
Subsequent scientific, technical, and legal challenges led to revised procedural and specimen validity guidelines by SAMHSA.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the legal ramifications and procedural aspects of federal workplace urine drug testing.
To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of immunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods.
To analyze the impact of drug cross-sensitivity on the validity of workplace drug testing.

Main Methods:

Review of legal challenges and procedural guidelines for federal workplace drug testing.
Analysis of immunoassay and GC-MS as primary urine drug testing methodologies.
Examination of specimen validity testing criteria and adulteration management.

Main Results:

Urine drug testing faces ongoing scientific, technical, and legal scrutiny regarding its validity.
Immunoassay and GC-MS are the primary methods, each with distinct sensitivity and specificity profiles.
Cross-sensitivity between illicit and prescription drugs presents a significant challenge to accurate workplace drug testing.

Conclusions:

Workplace drug testing requires rigorous adherence to procedural guidelines and specimen validity testing.
The specificity of current urine drug tests is challenged by potential cross-reactivity with prescription medications.
Further research and methodological refinement are necessary to ensure the continued validity and fairness of workplace drug testing programs.