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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
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Updated: May 22, 2026

Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability
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Published on: February 27, 2016

Differentially degradable janus particles for controlled release applications.

Sangyeul Hwang1, Joerg Lahann

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|May 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created Janus particles with two distinct degradable compartments using electrohydrodynamic co-jetting. These novel particles show selective degradation in one compartment at pH 7.4, enabling controlled release for drug delivery applications.

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Published on: September 6, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Janus particles offer unique properties due to their distinct surface chemistries.
  • Controlled degradation is crucial for targeted drug release applications.
  • Developing materials with tunable degradation profiles remains an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize Janus particles with differentially degradable polymer compartments.
  • To investigate the selective degradation behavior of these bicompartmental particles under varying pH conditions.
  • To explore the potential of these particles in oral drug delivery applications.

Main Methods:

  • Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) co-jetting was employed to fabricate bicompartmental Janus particles.
  • Controlled crosslinking was used to stabilize the polymer networks.
  • Differential hydrolytic susceptibility was assessed by exposing particles to different pH environments (pH 3.0 and pH 7.4).

Main Results:

  • Janus particles with two distinct polymer compartments were successfully prepared.
  • Selective degradation of the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-containing compartment was observed at pH 7.4 within 5 days, while remaining stable at pH 3.0.
  • The dextran-containing compartment showed stability under the tested conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Janus particles with differentially degradable compartments can be synthesized using EHD co-jetting.
  • These particles exhibit tunable degradation, with selective susceptibility in one compartment at physiological pH.
  • The unique properties of these Janus particles hold promise for advanced oral drug delivery systems with decoupled release profiles.