Related Concept Videos
01:10Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology
Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
01:23Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema
Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
01:26Pneumothorax-I
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
01:17Other Pulmonary Disorders
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
01:24Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features
Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis
Published on: March 9, 2018
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis causing total lung collapse.
Kris Ghosh1, Bethany Eve Sanders
1Geriatrics Department, UHCW, Coventry, UK.
BMJ Case Reports
|May 19, 2012
Summary
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) can cause lung collapse, even without prior respiratory issues. This case highlights ABPA mimicking lung cancer, emphasizing diagnostic challenges in rare presentations.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Medical Case Reports
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) typically occurs in patients with pre-existing respiratory conditions.
- Lung collapse (atelectasis) can result from various obstructive or compressive pathologies.
- Distinguishing ABPA from lung malignancy is crucial for appropriate patient management.
Observation:
- A 68-year-old non-smoker presented with acute coronary syndrome symptoms and developed left lung collapse.
- Initial bronchoscopy and lavage suggested lung carcinoma.
- Subsequent biopsy and CT staging confirmed ABPA as the cause of collapse.
Findings:
- This case represents the first reported instance of lung collapse solely attributed to ABPA.
Implications:
- ABPA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of new-onset lung collapse, particularly when malignancy is suspected.
- Advanced imaging and biopsy are essential for accurate diagnosis in complex cases.
- This case underscores the importance of considering uncommon presentations of ABPA.