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Related Concept Videos

Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
Karyotyping01:17

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Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

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Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
05:12

Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome

Published on: September 19, 2019

Warkany syndrome: a rare case report.

Amit Agrawal1, Rashmi Agrawal

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College & Hospital, Near Bairagarh, Bhopal 462030, India.

Case Reports in Pediatrics
|May 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Trisomy 8 mosaicism (T8M) is a rare chromosomal condition with variable symptoms, often leading to missed diagnoses. This case highlights T8M in a young boy with developmental delays and facial differences.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Trisomy 8 mosaicism (T8M), also known as Warkany syndrome 2, is a rare chromosomal abnormality.
  • Characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 8 in some cells.
  • Phenotypic presentation is highly variable, complicating diagnosis.

Observation:

  • A 3-year-old boy presented with distinct facial dysmorphism and global developmental delay.
  • Diagnostic evaluation was initiated due to the constellation of clinical features.
  • Genetic analysis confirmed the presence of mosaic trisomy 8.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited features consistent with a mosaic form of trisomy 8.
  • The variability in phenotype underscores the diagnostic challenges associated with T8M.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
05:12

Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome

Published on: September 19, 2019

  • Early identification is crucial for appropriate management and genetic counseling.
  • Implications:

    • This case emphasizes the importance of considering T8M in pediatric patients with unexplained developmental delays and dysmorphic features.
    • Increased awareness can improve diagnostic rates and timely intervention.
    • Further research into genotype-phenotype correlations in T8M is warranted.