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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

Published on: April 12, 2017

Synchronous renal malignancy presenting as recurrent urinary tract infections.

G Dutta¹, D Silver, A Oliff

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11220, USA.

Case Reports in Urology

|May 19, 2012

Summary

Simultaneous renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma are rare. This case highlights the importance of preoperative evaluation for synchronous malignancies in the same kidney, especially when considering nephron-sparing surgery.

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A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

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Published on: April 12, 2017

Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy

Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy

Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

Urology
Oncology
Pathology

Background:

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are common urological malignancies.
Simultaneous occurrence of these two distinct malignancies within the same kidney is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

A patient presented with suspected RCC, necessitating unilateral nephrectomy.
Preoperative imaging indicated renal pelvic involvement, confirmed by cystoscopy and biopsy.
The confirmed lesion was transitional cell carcinoma of the superior pelvis, a type of UTUC.

Findings:

The patient had synchronous renal cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma in the same kidney.
Preoperative diagnosis of both malignancies was crucial for treatment planning.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of thorough preoperative assessment for synchronous tumors in urological malignancies.
Accurate preoperative diagnosis facilitates appropriate surgical planning, including nephron-sparing approaches when feasible.
Highlights the diagnostic challenges and management considerations for rare co-occurring kidney cancers.