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Invasion facilitates hybridization with introgression in the Rattus rattus species complex.

Justin B Lack1, Daniel U Greene, Chris John Conroy

  • 1Department of Zoology, 501 Life Sciences West, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. justin.lack@okstate.edu

Molecular Ecology
|May 22, 2012
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Invasive black rats (Rattus) exhibit significant hybridization in the U.S. and Asia, with evidence of genetic introgression altering native lineages. This study tracks invasive rat populations and their evolutionary impact through genetic analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Invasive species ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Biological invasions introduce novel species interactions with significant evolutionary consequences.
  • Hybridization between previously isolated lineages is a key concern during invasions.
  • Black rats (Rattus) are highly successful global invaders, comprising distinct genetic lineages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution of three invasive black rat lineages (Rattus tanezumi, Rattus rattus I, and R. rattus IV) in the United States and Asia.
  • To determine the extent of hybridization among these invasive black rat taxa.
  • To analyze patterns of genetic introgression between lineages.

Main Methods:

  • Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequencing.
  • Nuclear gene sequencing (Atp5a1 and DHFR).
  • Microsatellite marker analysis.
  • Examination of genetic data from invasive black rat populations in the U.S. and Asia.

Main Results:

  • Two mitochondrial lineages were found across multiple continents, including a new R. tanezumi population in the southeastern U.S.
  • Significant hybridization was detected between R. tanezumi and R. rattus I in the U.S., and between R. tanezumi and R. rattus IV in Asia.
  • Microsatellite data indicated unidirectional introgression from R. rattus I and R. rattus IV into R. tanezumi, with R. tanezumi showing diminished nuclear genetic signals in both regions.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive black rat lineages are undergoing extensive hybridization and introgression in both their invaded ranges.
  • The genetic mixing challenges the distinctiveness of native lineages, particularly R. tanezumi, in invaded ecosystems.
  • Understanding these genetic dynamics is crucial for managing invasive species and predicting their evolutionary trajectories.