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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication uses a large number of...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA
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A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA

Published on: October 1, 2017

Long-range hole transport in DNA.

S Wessely1, B Giese

  • 1a Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , CH-4056 , Basel , Switzerland.

Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics
|May 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hole transport in DNA was studied by generating a guanine radical cation. Long-range charge transfer occurs via a multistep hopping process between guanine bases in DNA strands.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding charge transport in DNA is crucial for DNA electronics and sensing.
  • Guanine radical cations are key intermediates in DNA damage and repair.
  • Site-selective generation of radical cations allows for controlled studies of charge migration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of long-range hole transport in double-stranded DNA.
  • To analyze the distance dependence of charge transfer from a guanine radical cation to a guanine unit.
  • To determine if hole migration occurs via a multistep hopping process.

Main Methods:

  • Site-selective generation of guanine radical cation (G(+•)) in double-stranded DNA.
  • Analysis of hole transport to a GGG unit in G(+•)(TTG)(N)GG DNA sites (N=1-4).
  • Kinetic analysis of charge transfer rates as a function of distance.

Main Results:

  • The overall rate of charge transfer exhibited a weak algebraic distance dependence (k ∝ N^(η) with η = 1.7±0.2).
  • This dependence suggests that charge migration is not a simple exponential decay process.
  • The observed kinetics are consistent with a multistep hopping mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Long-range hole migration in mixed DNA strands is a multistep hopping process.
  • Hole transport occurs efficiently between guanine bases over significant distances.
  • This finding has implications for DNA-based molecular electronics and understanding DNA oxidative damage.