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General Structure of a Vertebra

General Structure of a Vertebra

A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous column.

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Related Experiment Video

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A Mouse Model of Lumbar Spine Instability

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Published on: April 23, 2021

Spinous process hypertrophy associated with implanted devices in the external link model.

Nicole M Homb¹, Charles N R Henderson

¹Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, IA, USA.

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics

|May 22, 2012

Summary

Mechanical stress from implants in rats induces spinous hypertrophy, but this bone change does not significantly impact intervertebral hypomobility in the external link model.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanical Engineering
Veterinary Orthopedics
Spinal Research

Background:

The external link model, utilizing titanium implants on rat lumbar vertebrae, mimics chiropractic subluxation.
Understanding bone response to implants is crucial for spinal research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate correlations between implant linking, bone resorption, exudate, and induced intervertebral hypomobility in rats.
To evaluate the external link model's utility in studying spinal mechanics.

Main Methods:

Serial radiography of 73 rats with lumbar implants over 14 weeks (6-week recovery, 8-week hypomobility).
Measurement of spinous hypertrophy at L4, L5, L6 using vernier calipers on radiographs.
Assessment of bone resorption and exudate, compared with hypomobility data; statistical analysis included cross-tabulation, ANOVA, and regression.

Main Results:

While hypomobility-induced rats showed differences from controls, spinous hypertrophy did not predict intervertebral mobility.
Exudate levels did not correlate with spinous hypertrophy.
Implant presence and vertebral level interacted significantly, with L4 and L6 showing more hypertrophy in hypomobility-induced rats; age was not a factor.

Conclusions:

Mechanical stresses at the implant-bone interface in hypomobile rats drive spinous hypertrophy beyond implant presence alone.
Spinous hypertrophy is not a significant contributor to intervertebral hypomobility within the external link model.