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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

In Vivo Assay for Detection of Antigen-specific T-cell Cytolytic Function Using a Vaccination Model
07:05

In Vivo Assay for Detection of Antigen-specific T-cell Cytolytic Function Using a Vaccination Model

Published on: November 28, 2017

Killed but metabolically active vaccines.

Thomas W Dubensky1, Justin Skoble, Peter Lauer

  • 1Aduro BioTech, Inc., Berkeley, CA 94710, United States. tdubensky@adurobiotech.com

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|May 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

New Killed But Metabolically Active (KBMA) vaccines offer a novel approach to combat infectious diseases and cancer. These unique vaccines, derived from inactivated pathogens, stimulate potent immune responses for potential therapeutic and prophylactic applications.

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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Pathogen Research

Background:

  • Vaccines have significantly improved public health, increasing life expectancy and quality of life.
  • Despite advancements, effective prophylactic vaccines for diseases like tuberculosis, malaria, and AIDS are still needed.
  • Therapeutic cancer vaccines show promise in stimulating immunity and improving survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel class of vaccines called Killed But Metabolically Active (KBMA) vaccines.
  • To highlight the potential applications of KBMA vaccines in infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy.
  • To describe the mechanism of KBMA vaccine action, which involves photochemical inactivation while preserving metabolic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of Killed But Metabolically Active (KBMA) vaccines using photochemical inactivation.
  • Utilizing whole pathogenic or attenuated organisms for vaccine preparation.
  • Engineering recombinant KBMA vaccines encoding specific antigens or using attenuated pathogen-derived forms.

Main Results:

  • KBMA vaccines are non-pathogenic yet elicit potent immune responses due to retained metabolic activity.
  • Recombinant KBMA vaccines can be designed to target specific antigens for infectious diseases or cancer.
  • KBMA vaccines derived from attenuated pathogens present a broad antigenic repertoire, useful when protection correlates are unknown.

Conclusions:

  • Killed But Metabolically Active (KBMA) vaccines represent a promising new platform for both prophylactic and therapeutic immunization.
  • This technology addresses the need for vaccines against challenging infectious diseases and offers a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
  • KBMA vaccines provide a versatile approach to vaccine development, adaptable to various pathogens and disease targets.