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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
07:10

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: March 6, 2026

Complications associated with open coracoid transfer procedures for shoulder instability.

Usman Butt1, Charalambos P Charalambous

  • 1North West Orthopaedic Training Rotation, North West, Blackburn, UK.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
|May 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Coracoid transfer surgery for shoulder instability can improve stability but carries significant risks. Meticulous surgical technique is crucial to minimize complications like graft issues and nerve damage.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Surgical Complications

Background:

  • Coracoid transfer procedures are used for recurrent shoulder instability.
  • These procedures have a significant potential for serious complications.
  • A systematic review was conducted to assess complication rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and characterize complication rates of coracoid transfer procedures.
  • To inform surgeons and patients about potential risks.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of coracoid transfers for shoulder instability.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature from 1985-2011.
  • Searched Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases.
  • Extracted and analyzed complication data from 30 studies (1658 procedures).

Main Results:

  • Repeat surgery: 4.9%, recurrent instability: 6.0%, hardware complications: 6.5%.
  • Graft union/migration issues: 10.1%, osteolysis: 1.6%, nerve palsy: 1.2%.
  • Surgical site infection: 1.5%, intraoperative fractures: 1.1%.

Conclusions:

  • Coracoid transfers improve stability with acceptable recurrence but have diverse complications.
  • Anatomical understanding and precise technique, especially graft placement, are vital.
  • May be best for bony deficiency; efficacy vs. capsular procedures is unclear.