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Updated: May 22, 2026

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Radiation exposure in interventional procedures.

G K Korir1, B O Ochieng, J S Wambani

  • 1Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA. chumo2009@gmail.com

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|May 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study assessed radiation doses for patients and staff during interventional procedures in Kenya. Findings indicate a need for dose containment strategies to prevent exceeding radiation safety limits, especially for eye lens exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Interventional procedures (IPs) involve significant radiation exposure for patients and staff.
  • Establishing national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) is crucial for radiation safety in healthcare.
  • Limited data exists on radiation doses from IPs in Kenya.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate patient and staff radiation doses during IPs in Kenya.
  • To compare these doses with international diagnostic reference levels (IDRLs).
  • To propose initial National Diagnostic Reference Levels (NDRLs) for Kenya.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective data collection from four Kenyan hospitals performing IPs.
  • Real-time radiation dose measurements: kerma-area product (KAP) and fluoroscopy time for patients.
  • Peak skin dose (PSD) measurement using EDR2 radiographic films and staff occupational doses using thermoluminescence dosemeters.

Main Results:

  • Patient KAP ranged from 4.2 to 137.1 Gy cm², and PSD from 52 to 740 mGy.
  • Fluoroscopy times varied between 3.3 and 70 minutes.
  • Staff doses per procedure ranged from 0.03 to 1.41 mSv, with potential for exceeding eye lens dose limits due to increased workload.

Conclusions:

  • Patient doses were within skin injury thresholds, but staff eye lens doses may exceed limits with increased workload.
  • Urgent need for dose containment strategies, including protective equipment and optimized practices.
  • Development of initial NDRLs is recommended to ensure radiation safety in Kenyan IPs.