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Updated: May 22, 2026
Multifractal Spectrum Analysis for Assessing Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy
Published on: January 10, 2025
Multifractal spectrum differentiation of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma from complex atypical hyperplasia of the
1Department of Cytopathology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Objective:
To introduce a new field of multifractal spectrum in distinguishing between endometrial well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (WDAC) and complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH).
Study Design:
Thirteen cases of CAH and 16 of WDAC were selected from radical hysterectomy specimens, and multifractal spectrum was measured from at least 4-5 representative digitized images of each case. The data were collected from f(alpha) vs. alpha curves. The values of alpha max, alpha min, and their difference delta alpha (alpha max-alpha min) were recorded and the data compared.
Results:
The mean +/- SD of alpha max, alpha min, and delta alpha of CAH were 2.36357 +/- 0.111623, 1.71357 +/- 0.032160, and 0.64214 +/- 0.094248, respectively. The mean +/- SD of alpha max, alpha min, and delta of WDAC were 2.50640 +/- 0.104545, 1.72100 +/- 0.036436, and 0.77620 +/- 0.108268, respectively. The mean of alpha max, alpha min, and delta alpha of WDAC were higher than in CAH. Mann-Whitney U test showed significant difference (p < 0.0001) of alpha max and delta alpja of WDAC and CAH.
Conclusion:
Multifractal dimension is significantly different in WDAC and CAH. The multifractal dimension is a new area in pathology. This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of multifractal analysis in histopathology.
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