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Vitamin E and selenium in gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

O Ademuyiwa¹, E O Ngaha, F O Ubah

¹Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Human & Experimental Toxicology

|September 1, 1990

Summary

Vitamin E and selenium protect against gentamicin-induced kidney damage by preventing renal cellular membrane damage. This combination therapy shows synergistic effects and potential diuretic properties.

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Toxicology
Biochemistry

Background:

Gentamicin is a common antibiotic known for its nephrotoxic potential.
Understanding the cellular mechanisms of gentamicin-induced kidney damage is crucial for developing protective strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the sequence of renal cellular membrane damage caused by gentamicin in rats.
To evaluate the protective efficacy of a combined vitamin E and selenium treatment against gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

Main Methods:

Rats were administered gentamicin (60 mg/kg) to induce nephrotoxicity.
Renal damage was assessed by measuring the release of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, muramidase, and protein from renal cells.
The protective effects of vitamin E (1 mg/g) and selenium (4 x 10(-3) mg/g) combination were evaluated.

Main Results:

Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity within 12 hours, primarily damaging the renal tubular plasma membrane before lysosomal membranes.
The combination of vitamin E and selenium significantly attenuated gentamicin-induced renal damage.
Evidence suggests a synergistic protective effect between vitamin E and selenium.

Conclusions:

The study elucidates the early cellular targets of gentamicin nephrotoxicity.
Vitamin E and selenium act synergistically to protect against gentamicin-induced kidney damage.
Vitamin E and selenium may possess anti-diuretic properties.

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